Critical Bioanalytical Challenges of ADCs
In reality, ADCs are present as a combination of multiple components. In some instances, the cytotoxic drug can be discharged from the cell and metabolized into smaller parts containing different parent drug anticancer activity.
FREMONT, CA: Bioanalysis of ADCs is critical to determine the rising drug class's safety and efficacy. Below are three reasons that make Antibody-Drug Conjugates’ (ADC) bioanalysis so complicated and the fundamental analytical techniques used.
ADCs Exist as Multiple Components
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ADCs comprise cytotoxic small molecule drugs that are conjugated to an antibody through a chemical binder. The antibody is unique to a tumor-associated antigen that has a minimal expression on normal cells. Cleavable chemical linkers are engineered to be stable in circulation and release cytotoxic drugs (often referred to as payloads) in response to some aspects inside the target cell. These release triggers can include a given pH spectrum, high glutathione concentrations, or proteolytic cleavage. The resulting free drug can explicitly destroy and then leave the target cell to kill the surrounding cells.
On the other hand, the non-cleavable linkers lack a robust proteolytic cleavage site, and the cytotoxic payload is retained inside the cell. ADCs with non-cleavable linkers release the cytotoxic payload when the antibody is degraded, rather than the linker. In reality, ADCs are present as a combination of multiple components. In some instances, the cytotoxic drug can be discharged from the cell and metabolized into smaller parts containing different parent drug anticancer activity. ADC bioanalysis typically involves tests of intact ADCs, free drug molecules, conjugated antibodies, and complete antibodies.
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